Overactive bladder (OAB) is a common condition characterized by a sudden and uncontrollable urge to urinate, often accompanied by frequency and sometimes urinary incontinence. It occurs when the bladder muscles contract involuntarily, causing a sudden need to urinate even when the bladder isn't full. OAB can significantly impact daily life, causing disruptions to work, sleep, and social activities. It affects people of all ages but is more common in older adults. Management typically involves behavioral strategies, medications, and in some cases, advanced therapies to alleviate symptoms and improve bladder control.

Treatment options for overactive bladder (OAB) vary depending on the severity of symptoms and individual health factors. Initial treatments often include behavioral modifications such as timed voiding, bladder training, and lifestyle changes like reducing caffeine and alcohol intake. Medications such as anticholinergics and beta-3 adrenergic agonists are commonly prescribed to relax bladder muscles and improve storage capacity. For those who do not respond to conservative therapies, advanced treatments like sacral neuromodulation, Botox injections into the bladder, or percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) may be considered. These options aim to alleviate urgency, frequency, and urinary incontinence, offering patients effective ways to manage and improve their quality of life despite OAB symptoms.

Sacral neuromodulation involves implanting a small device, similar to a pacemaker, under the skin of the buttocks. This device sends electrical impulses to the sacral nerves near the tailbone, which control bladder and pelvic floor muscles. What makes sacral neuromodulation unique is its ability to effectively treat overactive bladder (OAB) and urinary retention that do not respond to other therapies. A trial phase precedes permanent implantation, during which the device is temporarily placed to assess its effectiveness in alleviating symptoms. This trial phase allows patients and doctors to determine if sacral neuromodulation is suitable and beneficial before committing to long-term treatment. It offers a reversible option with adjustable settings, providing personalized treatment for improved bladder control and quality of life.